Pronouns in Arabic are indeclinable (not affected by noun cases). We differentiate two categories of pronouns in Arabic:
- Detached pronouns / الضَمائِر المُنْفَصِلة
- Attached pronouns / الضَمائِر المُتَّصِلة
Generally speaking, detached pronouns are assumed to be in the nominative case (even though they are indeclinable), whereas attached pronouns are rather in either the accusative or genitive cases.
Detached Pronouns / الضَمائِر المُنْفَصِلة
جَمْع (plural) | مُثَنّى (dual) | مُفْرَد (singular) | |||
نَحْنُ We/Us | أنا I/Me | المُتَكَلّم (1st pers.) | |||
أَنْتُم You | أَنْتُما You (two) | أنتَ You | المُذَكَّر (Masculine) | المُخاطَب (2nd pers.) | |
أَنْتُنَّ You | أَنتِ You | المُؤَنَّث (Feminine) | |||
هُم They/Them | هُما They/Them (two) | هُوَ He/Him | المُذَكَّر (Masculine) | الغائب (3rd pers.) | |
هُنَّ They/Them | هِيَ Her | المُؤَنَّث (Feminine) |
Note: The pronouns أَنْتُمْ and هُمْ both take a ḍamma instead of a sukūn when followed by a noun bearing the definite article ال
هُمُ الناجِحُونَ They are the successful ones
Attached Pronouns / الضَمائِر المُتّصِلة
جَمْع (plural) | مُثَنّى (dual) | مُفْرَد (singular) | |||
ـنا We/Us | ـِي I/Me | المُتَكَلّم (1st pers.) | |||
ـكُمْ You | ـكُما You (two) | ـكَ You | المُذَكَّر Masculine | المُخاطَب (2nd pers.) | |
ـكُنَّ You | ـكِ You | المُؤَنَّث Feminine | |||
ـهُمْ / ـهِمْ They/Them | ـهُما They/Them (two) | ـهُ / ـهِ He/Him | المُذَكَّر Masculine | الغائب (3rd pers.) | |
ـهُنَّ / ـهِنَّ They/Them | ـها Her | المُؤَنَّث Feminine |
Note: The attached pronouns ـكُمْ and ـهُمْ work exactly as the detached one, which means they both take a ḍamma instead of a sukūn when followed by a noun bearing the definite article ال
Note 2: 3rd person pronouns ـهُمْ / ـهُنَّ / ـهُ all take the kasra if the word they are attached to is in genitive case or ends with a ي.
The book is at his house الكِتابُ في بَيْتِهِ There’s faith inside of them فِيهِمْ إِيمانٌ
Note 3: The first person singular pronoun ـِي erases the final short vowel of the noun or the preposition it is attached to and replace it by a kasra, except if the word ends with a long vowel. In the later case, the ي will have to bear the fatḥa
My restaurant مَطْعَمٌ + ـِي = مَطْعَمِي My level مُستَوى + ـِي = مُسْتوايَ On me عَلى + ـِي = عَليَّ
The attached pronouns work as suffixes which can follow:
Log in to continue reading the lesson
0 Comments