Relative pronouns in Arabic mean who, which, that. Despite the difference in number and gender, they all have the same meaning.

Specific relative pronouns / الأسماء الموصولة الخاصة

Specific relative pronouns agree in gender and number (and noun case in dual) with their antecedent which would be a definite noun. They are 9 in total.

Note: The dual forms and feminine plural forms are represented by an additional ل, despite having no impact on pronunciation.

Note 2: Arabic relative pronouns must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify, except for nouns not endowed with reason which will always be considered feminine singular in Arabic.

Generic relative pronouns / الأسماء الموصولة العامة المشتركة

Generic relative pronouns are used for reduced relative clauses used without antecedent. They are 3 in total all meaning.

Note: Both relative particles ما and مَنْ are indeclinable except أيّ which can adopt the feminine form اَيّة and different noun cases, which technically doesn’t make it a particle.

Note 2: These relative particles can often be preceded by a preposition

Relative clauses